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HISTORIC PRESERVATION THEORY:
TEACHING & LEARNING RESOURCES

This is a collaborative resource that builds and expands on the textbook “Historic Preservation Theory: An Anthology, Readings from the 18th to 21st Century” edited by Professor and Director of Historic Preservation Jorge Otero-Pailos. It reflects the contributions of faculty, students, and scholars from institutions around the world. We invite you to contribute relevant material through the online form below. We update the site regularly.

The anthology and this associated web resource promote the study of historic preservation theory across cultures, geographies, and time scales. It is meant as a platform for exchange among a global network of faculty, students, and scholars working to advance knowledge on the history of ideas in preservation, and to develop contemporary theoretical work. The relationship of theory to praxis is central to this evolving work, so particular attention is given to heritage sites where theoretically informed projects have taken place.

Scroll down to view maps that help visualize across geography and time scales the seminal texts, thinkers, schools of thought, and the heritage sites associated with each of them, as well as links to course syllabi and sample lectures from various contributors.

PRESERVATION THEORY TEXTS - CHRONOLOGICAL LIST - COLLABORATIVE

The list below is a work in progress. Texts listed below in black appear in the publication Historic Preservation Theory: An Anthology, Readings from the 18th to 21st Century edited by Professor Jorge Otero-Pailos. Click here for the anthology’s Table of Contents. The list and the associated map also include additional texts by preservation theorists contributed by visitors to the site; the color blue denotes these contributions in the list below. Make a suggestion here.
Click to expand the list of preservation theory texts

Anonymous, Bruno Dagens (Trans.), Mayamata, 9th c.–12th c.

Johann Joachim Winckelmann, Thoughts on the Imitation of the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks, 1755

Emmerich de Vattel, The Law of War with Respect to the Property of the Enemy, 1758

Jacques-François Blondel, An Analysis of the Art, or How to Distinguish Good Architecture from Mediocre Architecture, 1771

Abbé Henri Grégoire, Report on the Destructions Brought About by Vandalism, and on the Means to Suppress It, 1793

Étienne-Louis Boullée, Character, 1797

Karl Friedrich Schinkel, Concerning the Preservation of the Monuments and Antiquities of Our Country, 1815

Victor Hugo, War on the Demolishers!, 1825, 1832

Antoine-Chrysostome Quatremère de Quincy, Imitation, Restitution and Restoration, 1832

Carlo Fea, Legal Briefs Concerning Antiquities and Public Establishments, 1833

Leo von Klenze, Address at the Inauguration of Restoration Work on the Acropolis and Memorandum on the Acropolis, 1834

John Ruskin, The Lamp of Memory, 1849

Ali Mubarak, Al-Khitat, mid 19th century

Ann Pamela Cunningham, To the Ladies of the South, 1853

Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, Restoration, 1854

John Rollin Ridge, Mount Shasta, 1854

Wilhelm Lübke, The Restoration Fever, 1861

George Gilbert Scott, On the Conservation of Ancient Architectural Monuments and Remains, 1862

Francis Lieber, Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field, 1863

Frederick Law Olmsted, The Yosemite Valley, and the Mariposa Big Trees: A Preliminary Report,, 1865

Alvise Piero Zorzi, Osservazioni Intorno ai Restauri Interni ed Esterni della Basilica di San Marco, 1877

William Morris, Manifesto of the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings, 1877

Alfonso Rubbiani, The Houses of the Bourgeoisie, 1879

Camillo Sitte, City Planning According to Artistic Principles, 1889

Camillo Boito, Restoration in Architecture: First Dialogue, 1893

John Muir, The National Parks and Forest Reservations, 1895

Alois Riegl, The Modern Cult of Monuments: Its Character and Its Origin, 1903

Marcel Proust, Death Comes to the Cathedrals, 1904

Ananada K. Coomaraswamy, An open letter to the Kandyan Chiefs, 1905

Georg Gottfried Dehio, Monument Protection and Monument Preservation in the Nineteenth Century, 1905

Sigurd Curman, Principles of Restoration, 1906

Max Dvořák, The Preservation Catechism, 1916

Van Wyck Brooks, On Creating a Usable Past, 1918

Paul Clemen, Protection of Art During War, 1919

Leopoldo Torres Balbás, The Use of Ancient Monuments, 1920

Muhammad Kurd Ali, Khitat al Sham, 1925

Countee Cullen, Heritage, 1925

Sigmund Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents, 1929

Zora Neale Hurston, The Mule-Bone: A Comedy of Negro Life in Three Acts, 1931

Gustavo Giovannoni, The Improvement of Inner Cores: The Theory of Pruning, 1931

Walter Benjamin, The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction, 1935

Ananda Coomaraswamy, An Approach to Indian Art, 1935

Martin Heidegger, The Word of Nietzche: “God is Dead”, 1936

Josep Renau, L’organisation de La Défense Du Patrimoine Artistique et Historique Espagnol Pendant La Guerre Civil, 1937

Lucio Costa, Necessary Documentation, 1937

Lewis Mumford, The Death of the Monument, 1937

Liang Sicheng, Why We Must Research Chinese Traditional Architecture, 1944

Roberto Pane, The Restoration of Monuments, 1944

Ambrogio Annoni, Considerations for the Building Rebirth of Milan, 1945

Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno, The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception, 1947

Harry Fett, Continuity, 1949

Claude Lévi-Strauss, Race and History, 1952

Fernando Chueca Goitia and Others, The Alhambra Manifesto, 1953

Ananda K. Coomaraswamy, Christian and Oriental philosophy of art, 1956

Ernesto Nathan Rogers, Continuity or Crisis, 1957

John Summerson, The Case for a Theory of ‘Modern’ Architecture, 1957

Hannah Arendt, The Durability of the World, 1958

Fernand Braudel, History and the Social Sciences: The Longue Durée, 1958

Hans-Georg Gadamer, Reconstruction, and Integration as Hermeneutic Tasks, 1960

André Malraux, T.V.A. of Archaeology, 1960

Jane Jacobs, The Need for Aged Buildings, 1961

Cesare Brandi, Postscript to the Treatment of Lacunae, 1961

José Villagrán García, Architecture and Monument Restoration, 1966

Jan Zachwatowicz, Polish Architecture, 1967

Donald W. Winnicott, The Location of Cultural Experience, 1967

Aldo Rossi, What To Do with Old Cities, 1968

Mierle Laderman Ukeles, Manifesto for Maintenance Art, 1969

Michel Foucault, Nietzsche, Genealogy, History, 1971

Jaime Salcedo, La Enseñanza en la Historia de la Arquitectura, 1971

Kevin Lynch, What Time Is This Place?, 1972

Giulio Carlo Argan, A Policy for the Preservation of Historic Centers, 1973

Carlos Flores Marini, Valerie Magar (Trans.), Some concepts on the problem of monumental restoration in Latin America, 1973

Henri Lefebvre, Monumental Space, 1974

August Gebeßler, Old Towns and Historic Preservation, 1975

Burton J. Bledstein, The Culture of Professionalism, 1976

Giovanni Carbonara, The Reintegration of the Image, 1976

Dean Maccannell, The Tourist, 1976

Evgenii Vasil’evich Mikhailovskii, The Methods of Restoration of Architectural Monuments: Contemporary Theoretical Conceptions, 1977

Jacques Derrida, The Parergon, 1978

James Marston Fitch, Architecture and Energy, 1978

John Brinckerhoff Jackson, How to Study the Landscape, 1980

Cedric Price, The Case Against Conservation, 1981

Eric J. Hobsbawm, Inventing Traditions, 1983

Pierre Nora, Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de M.moire, 1984

Jordan E. Dimacopoulos, Anastylosis and Anasteloseis, 1985

Cevat Erder, Our Architectural Heritage: From Consciousness to Conservation, 1986

Robert Hewison, The Heritage Industry, 1987

Fredric Jameson, Nostalgia for the Present, 1989

Ján Bakoš, Monuments and Ideologies, 1991

Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, Percept, Affect, and Concept, 1991

Vittorio Gregotti, On Modification, 1991

James E. Young, The Counter-Monument, 1992

Edward Said, Professionals and Amateurs, 1993

Stephen E. Snow, The Emergence of a New Genre of Cultural Performance, 1993

Raphael Samuel, Heritage-Baiting, 1994

Françoise Choay, Seven Proposals on the Concept of Authenticity and Its Use in Historical Heritage Practices, 1994

Dolores Hayden, Public Art and Public Memory, 1995

Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Silencing the Past, 1995

David Lowenthal, Fabricating Heritage, 1998

Dipesh Chakrabarty, What Is Invested in Anachronism?, 2000

Catherine M. Howett, Integrity as a Value in Cultural Landscape Preservation, 2000

Nezar Alsayyad, Constructing The “Other”: Toward a Typology, 2001

Daniel M. Abramson, Obsolescence: Notes Towards a History, 2003

Isabel Rigol and Ángela Rojas, Entre nostalgie et sauvegarde, les hauts et les bas de La Rampa, 2004

Rem Koolhaas, Preservation Is Overtaking Us, 2004

Salvador Muñoz-Viñas, Sustainable Conservation, 2005

Andrew Herscher, Counter-Heritage and Violence, 2006

Laurajane Smith, Heritage as a Cultural Process, 2006

Bruno Latour and Albena Yaneva, Give Me a Gun and I Will Make All Buildings Move: An ANT’s View of Architecture, 2008

Giorgio Agamben, Philosophical Archeology, 2008

Zhihua Chen, 乡土建筑遗产保护 (Conservation of the Built Vernacular Heritage), 2008

Grey Gundaker, Design on the World: Blackness and the Exclusion of Sub-Saharan Africa from the “Global” History of Garden and Landscape Design, 2016

Charlotte Joy, Cultural Landscapes in Mali: Historical Antecedents and Future Trajectories, 2016

Innocent Pikirayi, Great Zimbabwe as Power-Scape: How the Past Locates Itself in Contemporary Southern Africa, 2016

Randall Bird, Landscape and Architecture in the Central Highlands of Madagasca, 2016

Sandy Prita Meier, Stories of Stone: The Transformation and Reinvention of Swahili Coast Pillar Tombs, 2016

Neil L. Norman, Gardener Kings: The Formality of Politics and Palace Forests among the Gbe Kingdoms of West Africa, 2016

Paul J. Lane, Places and Paths of Memory: Archaeologies of East African Pastoralist Landscapes, 2016

Michael Sheridan, Cultural Capital and Structural Power in African Landscapes: The Social Dynamics of Sacred Groves, 2016

Ikem Stanley Okoye, Good Bush, Bad Bush: Representing Our Natures in Historical Southern Nigerian Landscapes, 2016

Akinwumi Ogundiran, A Multiplex Landscape: Explorations of Place and Practice in Osun Grove, Nigeria, 2016

Joost Fontein, Rain, Power, Sovereignty, and the Materiality of Signs in Southern Zimbabwe, 2016

Maano Ramutsindela, “Nature’s Regions”: The Mobilization of Cultural Landscapes for Conservation, 2016

Jeremy Foster, From Table Mountain to Hoerikwaggo: Re-imagining Africa’s “First Landscape”, 2016

Gamini Wijesuriya, Towards recognizing Traditional Knowledge Systems, 2018

Brent Leggs, Growth of Historic Sites, 2018

PRESERVATION THEORY TEXTS – CHRONOLOGICAL MAP – COLLABORATIVE

This map visualizes influential preservation theory texts in relation to the places where their authors came from. It can be viewed chronologically in 50-year intervals. Make a suggestion here.

LIST OF AUTHORS IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION THEORY

The list below is a work in progress. Authors listed in black appear in the publication Historic Preservation Theory: An Anthology, Readings from the 18th to 21st Century edited by Professor Jorge Otero-Pailos. Authors listed in blue are contributions by faculty, students, and scholars. The list and the associated map will be updated to include additional texts by preservation theorists contributed by visitors to the site. Make a suggestion here.
Click to expand the list of authors in historic preservation theory

Daniel M. Abramson (b.1963)

Theodor W. Adorno (1903–1969)

Giorgio Agamben (b.1942)

Nezar AlSayyad (b.1956)

Ambrogio Annoni (1882–1954)

Hannah Arendt (1906–1975)

Giulio Carlo Argan (1909–1992)

Ján Bakoš (b.1943)

Walter Benjamin (1892–1940)

Randall Bird

Burton J. Bledstein (b.1937)

Jacques-François Blondel (1705–1774)

Camillo Boito (1836–1893)

Étienne-Louis Boullée (1728–1799)

Cesare Brandi (1906–1988)

Fernand Braudel (1902–1985)

Van Wyck Brooks (1886–1963)

Giovanni Carbonara (b.1943)

Dipesh Chakrabarty (b.1948)

Zhihua Chen (1929–2022)

Françoise Choay (b.1925)

Fernando Chueca Goitia (1911–2004)

Paul Clemen (1866–1947)

Ananada K. Coomaraswamy (1877–1947)

Lucio Costa (1902–1998)

Countee Cullen (1903–1946)

Ann Pamela Cunningham (1816–1875)

Sigurd Curman (1879–1966)

Georg Gottfried Dehio (1850–1932)

Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995)

Jacques Derrida (1930–2004)

Jordan E. Dimacopoulos (b.1940)

Max Dvořák (1874–1921)

Cevat Erder (1931–2022)

Carlo Fea (1753–1836)

Harry Fett (1875–1962)

James Marston Fitch (1909–2000)

Carlos Flores Marini (1937–2015)

Joost Fontein

Jeremy Foster

Michel Foucault (1926–1984)

Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)

Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900–2002)

August Gebeßler (1929–2008)

Guastavo Giovannoni (1873–1947)

Abbé Henri Grégoire (1750–1831)

Vittorio Gregotti (1927–2020)

Félix Guattari (1939–1992)

Grey Gundaker (b. 1950)

Dolores Hayden (–1995)

Martin Heidegger (1889–1976)

Andrew Herscher (b.1961)

Robert Hewison (b.1943)

Eric J. Hobsbawm (1917–2012)

Max Horkheimer (1895–1973)

Catherine M. Howett

Victor Hugo (1802–1885)

Zora Neale Hurston (1891–1960)

John Brinckerhoff Jackson (1909–1996)

Jane Jacobs (1916–2006)

Fredric Jameson (b.1934)

Charlotte Joy

Rem Koolhaas (b.1944)

Muhammad Kurd Ali (1876–1953)

Paul J. Lane

Bruno Latour (b.1940)

Henri Lefebvre (1901–1991)

Brent Leggs (b. 1972)

Claude Levi-Strauss (1908–2009)

Francis Lieber (~1800–1872)

David Lowenthal (1923–2018)

Wilhelm Lübke (1826–1893)

Kevin Lynch (1918–1984)

Dean MacCannell (b.1940)

André Malraux (1901–1976)

Sandy Prita Meier

Evgenii Vasil’evich Mikhailovskii (1907–c.1985)

William Morris (1877–1896)

Ali Mubarak (1823–1893)

John Muir (1838–1914)

Lewis Mumford (1895–1990)

Salvador Muñoz-Viñas (b.1963)

Pierre Nora (b.1931)

Neil L. Norman

Akinwumi Ogundiran

Ikem Stanley Okoye

Frederick Law Olmstead (1822–1903)

Robert Pane (1897–1987)

Innocent Pikirayi (b. 1963)

Cedric Price (1934–2003)

Marcel Proust (1871–1922)

Antoine-Chrysostome Quatremère de Quincy (1755–1849)

Maano Ramutsindela (b. 1962)

Josep Renau (1907–1982)

Alois Riegl (1858–1905)

Isabel Rigol (b. 1944)

Ángela Rojas (b. 1947)

Ernesto Nathan Rogers (1909–1969)

John Rollin Ridge (1827–1867)

Aldo Rossi (1931–1997)

Alfonso Rubbiani (1848–1913)

John Ruskin (1819–1899)

Edward Said (1935–2003)

Jaime Salcedo (1946–2013)

Raphael Samuel (1934–1996)

Karl Friedrich Schinkel (1781–1841)

George Gilbert Scott (-1862)

Michael Sheridan

Liang Sicheng (1901–1972)

Camillo Sitte (1843–1903)

Laurajane Smith (b.1962)

Stephen E. Snow (b.1945)

John Summerson (1904–1992)

Leopoldo Torres Balbás (1888–1960)

Michel-Rolph Trouillot (1949–2012)

Mierle Laderman Ukeles (b.1939)

Emmerich de Vattel (1714–1776)

José Villagrán García (1901–1982)

Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc (1814–1879)

Leo von Klenze (1784–1864)

Gamini Wijesuriya

Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768)

Donald W. Winnicott (1896–1971)

Albena Yaneva (b.1972)

James E. Young (b.1951)

Jan Zachwatowicz (1900–1983)

Alvise Piero Zorzi

PRESERVATION PRAXIS PROJECTS – CHRONOLOGICAL MAP – COLLABORATIVE

This map visualizes theoretically informed preservation praxis projects in relation to the preservationists that worked on them or wrote theories about them. It can be viewed chronologically in 50 year intervals.

Syllabi Resources for Historic Preservation Theory

Historic Preservation Theory and Practice
Prof. Jorge Otero-Pailos

Histories Of Heritage: Architectural Conservation And Historic Preservation In A Global Perspective
Prof. Peter Probst, Prof. Michelle Moore Apostos, Prof. Brinker Ferguson

Additional Historic Preservation Theory Resources

Mapping Mesopotamian Monuments
Prof. Zainab Bahrani

Heritage Futures
Prof. Rodney Harrison, Prof. Cornelius Holtorf, Prof. Sharon MacDonald, Prof. Caitlin DeSilvey

Histories Of Heritage: Architectural Conservation And Historic Preservation In A Global Perspective
Syllabus and Lecture Powerpoint files
By Prof. Peter Probst, Prof. Michelle Moore Apostos, Prof. Brinker Ferguson

The Flight of the Condor: A Letter, A Song and the Story of Intangible Cultural Heritage
Film/Lecture by Prof. Valdimar Tr. Hafstein and Áslaug Einarsdóttir

Credits

The following people have contributed to this webpage:


Blanca Balbuena
MSHP Candidate, Columbia GSAPP

Drew Citron
MSHP Candidate, Columbia GSAPP

Kerrian France
MSHP Candidate, Columbia GSAPP

Robert Hewison
Adjunct Professor, Columbia GSAPP

Bilge Kose
Adjunct Assistant Professor, Columbia GSAPP

Michelle Leach
MSHP Candidate, GSAPP
(Google maps of authors and projects appearing in Historic Preservation Theory Anthology)

Xiyu Li
MSHP Candidate, Columbia GSAPP

Daniela Martinez
MSHP Candidate, Columbia GSAPP

Angela Rojas
Professor, Universidad Tecnológica de La Habana and ICOMOS/Cuba

Nasser Rabbat
Professor, MIT

Shivani Rajwade
MSHP Candidate, Columbia GSAPP

Andrés Santana-Miranda
MSHP Candidate, GSAPP
(Google maps of authors and projects appearing in Historic Preservation Theory Anthology)

If you have any questions or require help submitting a contribution, please email communications@arch.columbia.edu for assistance.