Building Science and Technology
AT I: Environments in Architecture
AT II: Structures In Architecture
AT III: Envelopes
AT IV: Building Systems Integration
AT V: Construction Systems
1:1 Crafting and Fabrication of Details
Model Fictions
Healthy Building Materials
Tensile/Compression Surfaces in Architecture
Construction Ecologies
If Buildings Could Talk
Footprint: Carbon and Design
Making Kin with Biomaterials
Net Zero Housing: A Machine with a Poetic Bias
The Outside in Project
Architectural Daylighting
Façade Detailing: A Material Understanding
Transitional Geometries
Man, Machine and the Industrial Landscape
Advanced Curtain Wall
X Information Modeling I
Measuring the Great Indoors
Re-Thinking BIM
Generative Design I
Gsapp eoy22 17 bst
Explore
Introduction
Fall 2021
Spring 2022
Fall 2021
Fall 2021
Spring 2022
Electives
Fall 2021
Spring 2022
Spring 2022
Fall 2021
Spring 2022
Spring 2022
Spring 2022
Fall 2021
Fall 2021
Spring 2022
Spring 2022
Spring 2022
Fall 2021
Fall 2021
Fall 2021
VizTech Electives
Spring 2022
Fall 2021
Fall 2021, Spring 2022
Fall 2021, Spring 2022
Introduction
Building Science and Technology

With our return to in-person teaching and learning, today more than ever we realize the extent to which built environment affect our life and health. We spend more than 90% of our lives within architectural spaces, designed to create situated interactions between people, the environment, and the materials that surround them. As David Benjamin writes in his editorial book “Embodied Energy and Design” (page 13), buildings are ideas made physical and they carry with them silent histories of the extractions, labor, and supply chains that are then manifested into an operational structure with dynamically moving parts. With emerging global challenges of social and environmental equity that arise from resource scarcity and public health emergencies, this sequence takes a strong position to forwarding novel approaches to making buildings more resource-efficient, comfortable (dare we say, pleasurable?), and affordable for all.

At the heart of this sequence are the required AT1-AT5 courses that take new stance in threading climate considerations in existing buildings and social responsibilities for occupant health and labor practices. Additionally, an array of elective courses are geared towards creating novel and radical experimental forms of technology, while celebrating the tactile interaction between people, materials, structures, and the built environments. The Tech electives cover a range of topics, from fabrication technologies and emerging healthy assemblies, through supply chain mechanisms of low-carbon and readily available building materials, to net zero and passive housing. This course selection not only provides software tools for performance analysis, but also cultivates radical interventions to crafting new ways of understanding and imagining resource justice, anti-racist vernacular, construction slowness, recovery and wellbeing.

Also shown here are the sequence Spring event series: the TechShops. The newly launched series converged hands-on opportunities to horizontally engage with technologists from a variety of perspectives and fields. From Storytelling for Building Tech Ventures, by Tenlie Mourning from Columbia Startup Lab, to World Building Metaphors by Dan Lockton who direct the Eindhoven University of Technology’s ‘Future Everyday’ group, these workshops focused on collaborative technologies and narratives for creative interventions with a revised outlook on social, cultural, and economic forces on building and ecological systems.

With best wishes at the end of the semester,
Lola Ben-Alon

Fall 2021
AT I: Environments in Architecture
This course introduced building technology responses for energy conservation and natural conditioning, human comfort, and the site-specific dynamics of climate and environments. To illuminate the significance of architectural design decision-making on energy consumption and comfort, students explored design specifications and modifications for a residential building. They integrated an understanding of the basic laws of comfort and heat flow with the variables of the local environment to create design adaptations for their work. This course also introduced an overview of world energy consumption in buildings and energy rating systems through lectures on building energy and emerging responsibilities for a broader definition of sustainability. It concluded with a critical and explorative visual communications exercise of environmental considerations that integrated natural and passive systems as well as the potentially dynamic interface of mechanical systems.
Students: Kiaron Aiken, Hanouf AlFehaid, Christopher Armstrong, Lucy Baird, Nicole Biewenga, Lauren Brown, Sarah Bruce-Eisen, Zackary Bryson, Ian Callender, Carmen Chan, Andrew Chee, Shujing Chen, Lula Chou, Teonna Cooksey, Maura Costello, Christopher Deegan, Marika Falco, Adam Fried, Omer Gorashi, Isaiah Graham, Katerina Gregoriou, Caining Gu, Eric Hagerman, Anais Halftermeyer, Autumn Harvey, Kelly He, Mohamed Ismail, Kelsey Jackson, Maithili Jain, Genevieve Jones, Meghan Jones, Ali Kamal, Jillian Katz, Emilie Kern, Gio Kim, Abdelaziz Mikha Kossir, Kelvin Lee, Daniel Li, Jason Li, Rachael Li, Rilka Li, Isabella Libassi, Xinyi Lin, Yichun Liu, Yingjie Liu, Shiyu Lyu, Anoushka Mariwala, Jamon Zixuan Mok, Erisa Nakamura, Jared Orellana, Han Qin, Dori Renelus, EunJin Shin, Syeeda Simmons, Rebecca Siqueiros, Sophia Strabo, Sherry Aine Te, Rajvardhan Thorat, Duncan Tomlin, Burcu Yasemin Turkay, Julia Vais, Hanna Wiegers, Juliana Yang, David Zhang
Spring 2022
AT II: Structures In Architecture
ATII Structures in Architecture provided students with an understanding of what structural design means and how it’s carried out. Students became familiar with basic elemental forms, structural assemblies and systems, and new and emerging materials. Through project-based and hands-on work, students gained an understanding of structure, empowering them to integrate their newfound technical knowledge including load-resisting systems into architectural concepts.
Fall 2021
AT III: Envelopes
This course introduced students to the technical design of structural and building envelope systems. The course was divided into two modules, each taught by a specialist in that subject. The first module covered structural design criteria, building structural design, and common structural systems and materials. The second module focused on envelope design principles, system typologies, performance criteria, documentation strategies, and considerations of project execution (fabrication, installation, cost). Through design and detailing exercises, students engaged with the material presented during class and developed a hands-on understanding of both structural and envelope systems.
Students: Zoona Aamir, Saba Ardeshiri, Priscilla Auyeung, Samuel Bager, Enrique Bejarano, Zina Berrada, Eleanor Birle, Laura Blaszczak, Qingning Cao, Marcus Chan, Daniel Chang, Younjae Choi, Hallie Chuba, Megan Dang, Lucas de Menezes Pereira, Ruonan Du, Kristen Fitzpatrick, Anne Freeman, Maxine Gao, Yiyi Gao, Jiageng Guo, Justin Hager, Paige Haskett, Alex He, Brennan Heyward, Shining Hong, Shuyang Huang, Min Soo Jeon, Joachym Joab, Jennah Jones, Jacob Kackley, Kerol Kaskaviqi, Blake Kem, Isaac Khouzam, Cecile Kim, Julie Kim, Myungju Ko, Tung Yi Lam, Kim Langat, Michael Lau, Thiago Lee, Jixuan Li, Charlie Liu, Hanyu Liu, Ari Nadrich, Nicolas Nefiodow Pineda, Jonghoon Park, Carley Pasqualotto, Karen Polanco, Jacqueline Pothier, Nararya Radinal, Anya Ray, Maclane Regan, William Rose, Christopher Scheu, Nicolas Shannon, Seung Ho Shin, Aaron Smolar, Polina Stepanova, Yueyue Su, Emma Sumrow, Madeleine Sung, Khadija ann Tarver, Cemre Tokat, Jordan Trager, Kaixi Tu, Wenjing Tu, Sam Velasquez, Chi Chi Wakabayashi, Peter Walhout, Linru Wang, Renka Wang, Yuli Wang, Yerin Won, Dongxiao Yang, Phoenix Yang, Ruisheng Yang, Elaine Yu, Elena Yu, Yifei Yuan, Mingyue Zhang, Rose Zhang, Tianyun Zhang, Zixiao Zhu, Stephen Zimmerer
Fall 2021
AT IV: Building Systems Integration
AT4 Integrated Systems – Building functioned as the capstone course of the Master of Architecture technical sequence. The course brought together key areas of previous coursework in life safety, fire protection, environmental systems, structure, and enclosures to apply the knowledge, concepts, and principles on these subjects to a design-based project. This course took a fresh look at each system within a building. What are the key drivers, requirements, and intentions around each system? What are techniques to rapidly iterate around design ideas and strategies? It focused on a developed and applied understanding of how the parts of constructed form get put together. What drives the key decisions of a project? Where do technical constraints appear in massing, egress, structure, mechanical systems?
Students: Zoona Aamir, Saba Ardeshiri, Priscilla Auyeung, Samuel Bager, Enrique Bejarano, Zina Berrada, Eleanor Birle, Laura Blaszczak, Qingning Cao, Marcus Chan, Daniel Chang, Younjae Choi, Hallie Chuba, Megan Dang, Lucas de Menezes Pereira, Ruonan Du, Kristen Fitzpatrick, Anne Freeman, Maxine Gao, Yiyi Gao, Jiageng Guo, Justin Hager, Paige Haskett, Alex He, Brennan Heyward, Shining Hong, Shuyang Huang, Min Soo Jeon, Joachym Joab, Jennah Jones, Jacob Kackley, Kerol Kaskaviqi, Blake Kem, Isaac Khouzam, Cecile Kim, Julie Kim, Myungju Ko, Tung Yi Lam, Kim Langat, Michael Lau, Thiago Lee, Jixuan Li, Charlie Liu, Hanyu Liu, Ari Nadrich, Nicolas Nefiodow Pineda, Jonghoon Park, Carley Pasqualotto, Karen Polanco, Jacqueline Pothier, Nararya Radinal, Anya Ray, Maclane Regan, William Rose, Christopher Scheu, Nicolas Shannon, Seung Ho Shin, Aaron Smolar, Polina Stepanova, Yueyue Su, Emma Sumrow, Madeleine Sung, Khadija ann Tarver, Cemre Tokat, Jordan Trager, Kaixi Tu, Wenjing Tu, Sam Velasquez, Chi Chi Wakabayashi, Peter Walhout, Linru Wang, Renka Wang, Yuli Wang, Yerin Won, Dongxiao Yang, Phoenix Yang, Ruisheng Yang, Elaine Yu, Elena Yu, Yifei Yuan, Mingyue Zhang, Rose Zhang, Tianyun Zhang, Zixiao Zhu, Stephen Zimmerer
Spring 2022
AT V: Construction Systems
This class followed an analytical approach to dissection to gain an in-depth understanding of select building conditions. Through this process, students gained a comprehensive understanding of detail components, interrelationships, and construction sequencing. During the first half of the semester, students developed chunk model drawings and a physical three-dimensional printed model that documented the components and sequencing of one of the predefined building conditions: Floor Assembly, Vertical Transportation, and Curtainwall. During the second half, students traced the evolution of the design process from shop drawings back through the architectural phases of design documentation (schematic, design development, and construction documents).
Electives
Fall 2021
1:1 Crafting and Fabrication of Details
1:1 focused on advanced detailing, fabrication, and assembly techniques. It challenged the conventional illustrative mode of architectural detailing by using 1:1 material exploration to facilitate design ideation and spatial speculation. The course encouraged curious fabrication, rogue detailing, and imaginative research into new potentials for building assemblies. The course encouraged curious fabrication, rogue detailing, and imaginative research into new potentials for building assemblies. Students iteratively built a totem, a remixed, and on-the-fly response to the default wall mock-up. Shifting through scales of a building, they tracked the spatial and technical trajectory of detailing custom hardware, new wall typologies, structural abnormalities, and fully customized building skins. These totems, thought of as a living prototype, were connected to form a mini pavilion to further the unforeseen spatial relationships.
Students: Ralph Cheng, Sonny Han, Sanober Khan, Dhruva Lakshminarayanan, Jiaxin Li, Gustavo Lopez Mendoza, Mickaella Pharaon, Charul Punia, Maria Ramirez, Jordan Readyhough, Hyuein Song, Jiayi Zhao
Spring 2022
Model Fictions
In this course, students engaged the skills, ideas, and technologies shared between the practices of production design (for film) and architecture, considering three topics around which this overlap occurs: the methodological, the conceptual, and the technical. Methodologically, students studied the scale model as a medium for expressing and developing a moving, complex design idea. Conceptually, they discussed the role of designers as storytellers and authors of unique environments in which characters live and actions occur. Technically, they utilized the tools of the GSAPP shops (and those of their design) to stage, animate, and capture new forms of representation of these stories, worlds, and ideas in motion.
Spring 2022
Healthy Building Materials
At a time when society is acutely focused on human health, vulnerable populations, and the inequity that exists due to a range of socio-economic barriers, the relationships between health and the built environment are more vivid than ever. This course addressed how architects can overcome the negative health outcomes that have been caused by toxins in building products. Students explored the relationships between building materials, chemical toxicity, and environmental exposures that directly impact human health and the communities which are most adversely affected. Through precedent studies and presentations from leaders in material health, architecture, public health, sustainability, and science, this course aimed to empower students to transform architectural practice with the knowledge that healthier buildings lead to healthier lives.
Students: Ralph Cheng, Hallie Chuba, Francesca Doumet, Kristen Fitzpatrick, Benjamin Fox, Jason Young Kim, Dhruva Lakshminarayanan, Kyounghwa Lee, Andrew Magnus, Stephanie McMorran, Camille Newton, Nash Taylor, Cemre Tokat, Irmak Turanli, Qingfan Wu, Rose Zhang
Fall 2021
Tensile/Compression Surfaces in Architecture
In the history of architecture, few forms engender thoughts of the Platonic Ideal. One thinks of the perfect architectural form: a combination of efficient use of material and labor at hand, an intelligent encapsulation of space for a particular use, and a structurally precise concept. There is no better summary of this way of working than in understanding shells. Through visual presentations by the instructor, an invited architect, or a field visit, this course engaged themes of the production of architectural shells in both the history of architecture and as pure, theoretical physical/structural constructions. With this, students developed the construction of a shell, and the consideration of its theoretical form, the techniques of its fabrication, and the materials of its construction.
Spring 2022
Construction Ecologies
This course navigated the histories, theories, technologies, and ecologies of construction while posing critical questions about architecture’s myriad possibilities for revitalized social and ecological narratives commensurate with the existential challenges of the Anthropocene. Construction technics, metrics, and ethics were explored within a disciplinary shift from the perception of buildings as autonomous objects toward an understanding of buildings as inherently open and perpetual socio-ecological processes. Through this system boundary, the course challenged the prevailing paradigm of innovation and offered nonmodern alternatives through inquiries of energy, carbon, capital, care, repair, labor equity, and life cycle assessment. Students explored these imperatives, learning to characterize contemporary architectural and construction practices through the terrestrial web of matter and energy that constitute the temporary vessels inhabited as buildings.
Spring 2022
If Buildings Could Talk
The histories of art and technology intertwine in multiple ways in the buildings of urban environments. Both possess the power to reproduce power relations or subvert them and, when combined, become a powerful tool to elicit social change. Specifically, the course targeted the question of distinctions and boundaries through the way a building interacts with its immediate surroundings—both physically and socially. Through lectures and readings, this course examined precedents of collaborative and participatory art projects that use advanced technology and big data. Through the workshop, the students developed an artistic intervention to analyze, critique, understand, and create better connections between the GSAPP Avery Building and Harlem Neighborhood.
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BACK-TO-BACK

Aiming to link Harlem’s daily life and diverse cultural heritage to Columbia University, the p...

ARCHA4854 Ayalon Yunha Choi, Lula Chou, Cesar Delgado, Ben Diller-Schatz, Max Goldner, Changbin Kim, Erisa Nakamura SP22 01 Installation views.jpg
DISPLAYCED

DISPLAYCED puts Columbia’s gentrification and displacement of the Manhattanville community on ...

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GSAPP RELAXATION STATION
The main purpose of our installation is to transform the current underutilized common study space...
Spring 2022
Footprint: Carbon and Design
In the context of the climate crisis, there has never been a more important moment to think clearly and critically about the footprint of architecture. Carbon footprint is the most famous—and most urgent—impact of buildings, but it is interconnected with other footprints such as energy, water, labor, fairness, and biodiversity. This seminar and workshop conducted research into carbon accounting, examined the history and relationships between various systems of environmental measurement, invented new forms of visualizing the footprint of architecture, and developed strategies for designing low-carbon buildings and cities. Students developed a position about designing the footprint of architecture rather than merely measuring it and envisioned a project involving this context.
Fall 2021
Making Kin with Biomaterials
New scientific, computational, philosophical, and evolutionary approaches emphasize the decisive role of the microbiome in the development and maintenance of complex life forms. With the dawning of the carbon-based period of modernity and the realization of the associated environmental costs, future scenarios are full of visions for newly envisioned uses of or, rather, collaborations with microorganisms. This course theoretically and practically investigated and revealed these mutual relationships and multispecies collaborations across all scales. Students interrogated different approaches of industrial production, conceptualized and materialized objects that propose alternative approaches, and situated these artifacts within speculative frameworks and future developments. They designed prototypes for interfacing with biological systems in the form of grown materials, bioreactors, sampling instruments, or bio-receptive substrates.
Students: Tashania Akemah, Adeline Chum, Ethan Davis, Jules Kleitman, Brianna Love, Gloria Mah, Camille Newton, Aditi Mangesh Shetye, Kaeli Streeter, Carmen Yu
Fall 2021
Net Zero Housing: A Machine with a Poetic Bias
Net Zero Housing - A Machine with a Poetic Bias introduced building science principles to the tectonic treatment of the massing of an existing residential building in New York City. The course explored the physical built environment: how the performance factor “energy balance” is influenced by climate conditions, spectral and thermal properties of materials, and the human body. The course introduced tectonic principles as a possibility to express the thermal characteristics of the building skin and relate it to the human body. This approach to building performance explored form and geometry, mass and void, light and shadow, and art form and core form. The lectures and exercises provoked questions to search for solutions in a methodical and morphological approach as they relate to the performance of a building.
Spring 2022
The Outside in Project
This seminar investigated, documented, designed, built, and programmed the activities at a temporary pavilion to be erected by the participants at the Columbia Campus. The seminar included research into precedents for temporary pavilions, progress into the design, feasibility study, structural and mechanical consulting and review, project management budget management, and construction.
Spring 2022
Architectural Daylighting
Daylight has played a key role in the perception, aesthetics, and function of the built environment from its inception. The masterful play of light depends on the designer’s grasp of both the technical requirements and spatial opportunities of natural light. This course provided instruction in both, covering topics including daylight and health, energy and productivity, daylight and perception, daylight in the atmosphere, daylight and the site, daylight and the section, architectural shading, calculating the daylight factor graphically, and calculating daylight luminance and illuminance digitally using Rhino/Diva. Over the semester, students developed perceptual as well as technical daylighting acuities. They built physical models to test and demonstrate an architectural daylighting phenomenon of their choosing, located within their studio project.
Spring 2022
Façade Detailing: A Material Understanding
This course explored the detailed design of building cladding through an understanding of materials and their physical properties. It emphasized sketching details at large scales (often 1:1) by hand to facilitate a proper understanding of everything involved at the interface between the interior and exterior environments and the other necessary building systems. Students developed a deep understanding of many different cladding materials and what it takes to remain in command of the entire building process from design concept to built work.
Fall 2021
Transitional Geometries
This course investigated tiling and modular fabrications from two simultaneous motivations. The first explored the organizational, experiential, and aesthetic performance of units and repetition in architectural composition. This trajectory of the course considered the history and application of tiling effects and techniques in the making of architecture and studied the geometric principles that lead to existing and potentially new systems of connections of parts. The second developed the skill sets involved in fabricating the units through mold-making, casting substances, and other shop-based materials and methods. This trajectory looked at the mold-making craft as an analog to construction logics writ large, efficiencies and economies of modular fabrication, and the development of fabrication systems that apply the lessons of the first trajectory in new and innovative ways.
Fall 2021
Man, Machine and the Industrial Landscape
This course examined past, present, and future strategies for meeting the growing industrial and infrastructural demands of human civilization. It explored the emerging post-industrial relationships between the people, industry, and ecology that have the potential to define how human civilization can thrive globally within the planet’s biospheric constraints. During the semester, the class visited both industrial and post-industrial sites of material extraction, refinement, production, distribution, and sequestration. Students produced writings and drawings analyzing and re-imagining the potential futures of global community structures and networks. On a broader level, this course was a means for each student to develop a personal manifesto or thesis for why and how urban planners and architects can influence the necessary change in how humans structure global habitation.
Students: Lucas Carvalho Macedo Coelho Ne, Cesar Delgado, Giulia Figueiredo Chagas, Yani Gao, Howie Jiang, Changbin Kim, Shan Li, Galina Novikova, Govardan Rajasekaran Umashankar, Wanting Sun, Haozhen Yang, Zheng Yin, Carmen Yu
Fall 2021
Advanced Curtain Wall
This course provided students with a comprehensive understanding of the concepts, processes, and skills necessary to design, detail, specify, and administer the construction of a custom curtain wall. As a dual seminar/studio format, students designed their own custom curtain wall, developed detailed drawings, and prepared outline specifications. Seminar lectures introduced key concepts to understanding the principles of façade enclosure design and key performance features of unitized curtain wall systems. The lectures further explored the many material and aesthetic possibilities of curtain walls, explained design documentation methods and strategies, and reviewed the various phases of the process through which custom curtain walls are designed, engineered, and built.
Students: Livia Calari, Kurt Cheang, Sixuan Chen, Gene Han, Ryan Hansen, Han Kuo, Talia Li, U Kei Long, Andrew Magnus, Danielle Nir, Jin Noh, Yuchen Qiu, Hannah Stollery, John Trujillo, Muyu Wu
VizTech Electives
Spring 2022
X Information Modeling I
Data is the language of cities. This data is inherently spatial, and designers and planners are uniquely suited to leverage it for informed decision-making. Accordingly, this course introduced students to computational design through a unique data-driven workflow using Rhino, Grasshopper, and Scout, an interactive 3D web platform for visual exploration of design and data. It expanded the imagination and scope of the model to include geospatial data at multiple scales—cities, neighborhoods, and buildings—to capture the nuances of urban dwellings. Students developed technical skills alongside a critical understanding of computational design, creating tools to measure performance, drawing with data, and visualization for decision making. The projects focused on the urban scale and developed new spatial metrics, data visualization, performative zoning/ policies, and data-driven building types.
Students: Vinay Agrawal, Farah Ahmed, Nayef Alsabhan, Willy Cao, Xumin Chen, Yuning Feng, Zhichen Gong, Siyun Ji, Junho Lee, Mauricio Rada Orellana, Yining Shen, Bisher Tabbaa, An Wang, Qingfan Wu, Xiangru Zhao
Fall 2021
Measuring the Great Indoors
This course explored techniques for working with data from the physical world, with the aim of understanding and manipulating dynamic, interactive environments. Students used hardware (sensors, microprocessors, computer vision cameras), software (IFTTT and Processing), and their powers of observation to characterize and design phenomenological aspects of “the great indoors.” Their investigations explored how humans can heighten their connection to the physical world and each other while stuck at home. Using their own homes as a basis, students designed digital interactions–like spatial user experiences, or physical telepresence–that engaged the five senses and all three dimensions. While this course involved the technical aspects of building science and digital technologies, its primary aim was to encourage students to consider dynamic spatial and environmental qualities in their design work.
Students: Maria Berger, Xumin Chen, Alec Harris, Takashi Honzawa, Qing Hou, Shan Li, Yiheng Lin, Yang Lu, Karan Matta, Wanting Sun, Yilun Sun, Adam Vosburgh, Kylie Walker, Shen Xin, Haoran Xu, Tianyu Yang, Mingxun Zou
Fall 2021, Spring 2022
Re-Thinking BIM
This course provided foundational knowledge of building information modeling (BIM) practices, as well as relevant options for alternative design-platform interoperability and integration. Sessions included case-study review and discussion, critical analysis of design and design-technology strategies, and overall exposure to diverse approaches to industry design practices. Guest lecturers introduced industry-proven examples of platform integrations, and demonstrated methodologies for students to consider for their design problem. The guest lectures each took a different lens of informed design interventions and interoperability, including computational and iterative design, advanced interoperability for design optimization, performance-based strategies to address energy and environmental design considerations, and cloud-BIM strategies to iterate at the detail level of building articulation.
Fall 2021 Students: Ata Gün Aksu, Daniela Beraun, Ralph Cheng, Shikang Ding, Ruben Gomez Ganan, Ana Hernandez Derbez, Jason Young Kim, Han Kuo, Vasco Li, Yiruo Li, Richard Sa, Xinan Tan, Yusuf Urlu, Ke Zhai, Yingying Zhou
Fall 2021, Spring 2022
Generative Design I
This course introduces students to the basic concepts of generative design and teaches them how to create complex models that can be controlled and evaluated by an automated search algorithm. The Python programming language is introduced as a way to amplify the generative complexity of parametric models in Grasshopper. We also cover techniques for evaluating designs including using third-party Grasshopper plugins for structural and environmental analysis.
Students:Ata Aksu, Max Cai, Ece Cetin, Xuanyi Chen, Eric Chyou, Ningyuan Deng, Shikang Ding, Novak Djogo, Francesca Doumet, Anoushae Eirabie, Yunlong Fan, Zhanhao Fan, Adrianna Fransz, Xiucong Han, Chuqi Huang, SeokHyun Kim, Sunghyun Kim, Yining Lai, Junho Lee, Juno Lee, Kyounghwa Lee, Yumeng Liu, Xueyin Lu, Hunter McKenzie, Risa Mimura, Alonso Ortega, Jiaying Qu, Shulong Ren, Allison Shahidi, Zihan Sun, Yukun Tian, Lichong Tong, Frederic Verrier-Paquette, Leo Wan, Bingyu Xia, Haotong Xia, Duo Xu, Hyosil Yang, Hao Zheng, Hao Zhong, Gejin Zhu