 A4698 Typologies of DispersalInstructor:Kate Orff and Els Verbakel |
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 Introduction The focus of this seminar is the dispersed distribution of contemporary land settlement patterns and its relation to open space. How has growth actually happened in the world? What new typologies of dispersed urban fabric are occurring in the increasingly autonomous suburban fabric? How are the design disciplines evolving to address dispersed conditions? We will focus on existing and alternative ideologies of dispersal in which certain oppositions like urban vs. suburban, built space vs. negative space will need to be reconsidered. The gray zone in between becomes the field of experimentation. US/EU While architects and urban designers often focus on the central city, demographics indicate that we have passed the tipping point: for example in 1994, the U.S. Census documented more Americans living in the suburbs than in traditional cities. The New Urbanist Movement, seems to be the only group of architects addressing the issues of urban sprawl in the US. Their neo-traditional designs and rigorous planning strategies have gained power and political clout but stand alone in a vast field of economical development forces. In Europe, the dispersal of the city is being investigated by numerous research teams of architects and urbanists. Can the design community in the US and the EU address these urban issues with a new language of topographical influences, urban transformations and landscape ecologies, and debate how to design for and inhabit these diffuse cities? With the cultural continuity between Europe and the US as a given as well as their common denominator of post-industrialization, the seminar questions similarities and differences between their typologies of dispersal and the politics behind it. More specifically, the comparison is made between the North-East of the United States and the European region of Randstad Holland and the Flemish Diamond. Can these two worlds of knowledge be cross-fertilized? Can we start assessing the diversity of typologies of dispersal? Objectives The purpose of this seminar is to investigate and explore new architecture, urban design, landscape, policy and financial strategies to confront and realign contemporary settlement patterns of dispersal in the United States and Europe. In the new urban form, the negative space between buildings gains more prominence although yet ignored. The course investigates how to re-visit architectural and urban design responsibilities with a new sensitivity for the space in between buildings. We will look at the historic, political, financial, spatial aspects of dispersed urban form, which, although outside of the purview of design education and avant-garde practitioners, demands interdisciplinary collaboration, political will and new research and design ideas for the next generation for architects, urban designers and planners. Format The course will alternate invited lectures and readings, with historical and contemporary case studies of the students themselves. The aim is to provide a refreshing and alternative compilation of information in order to widen and challenge our ways of approaching urban form. In the first half of the semester, we will survey the current status of dispersed urban form by assembling decision makers from development, economic, policy, business and "dream" worlds. In the second half, we start to address ways to mitigate these typologies of development with new languages of landform, transportation and ecology, emphasizing thresholds, tensions and latent potential of 'negative' space. The students are expected to pair an existing case study with a site exploration. SCHEDULE Seminar 1 INTRODUCTION January 23 Lecture: journey through the world of dispersal + demographics/population Discussion: student's backgrounds of dispersal 1. CURRENT STATUS Seminar 2 THEORETICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL ORIGINS OF DISPERSAL January 30 Ebeneezer Howard, Locke, Thoreau, A. Downing, F.L. Olmsted, K. Jackson, J.B. Jackson Leo Marx, The American Ideology of Space in Denatured Visions R. Fishman, Bourgeois Utopias Seminar 3 EU: (AFTER) SPRAWL DIFFUSE CITIES February 6 Secchi, Boeri, S. "Eclectic Atlases," 'Multiplicity" After-Sprawl: Research for the Contemporary City. X. De Geyter, et al.Geert Bekaert Shannon, Kelly "Redesigning the Belgian Dream" Archis, August 1998 Seminar 4 EU: IN BETWEEN CITIES: INFRASTRUCTURE AND GOVERNMENT February 13 Ghent Urban Studies (GUST) "The Urban Condition", Smets, Demeulder, Dehaene, Verbakel: "Toward an eclectic atlas" Demeulder: "Oasis" Neutelings "The Carpet Metropolis" European 6 Competition Results "In Between Cities" 2001 Seminar 5 EU: SUBURBAN CITY CENTERS / FUNCTIONAL DISPERSAL February 20 Ghent Urban Studies (GUST) "The Urban Condition", Rene Boomkens [STUDENT SITE STUDIES] Seminar 6 US:WHERE ARE WE NOW? February 27 The Urban-Suburban Global Mapping Project F. Pozzi, C. Small. Columbia Center for International Earth Sciences Information Network Growing Populations, Changing Landscapes: Studies from India, China, and the United States Seminar 4 US: SUBURBAN NATION: FINANCES AND POLICIES March 6 Developer Brochure: Ryland Homes, National Association of Home Builders Urban Sprawl: Causes, Consequences, and Policy Responses Squires ed. Duany, Andres, et al "Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream" 'Atlanta' Rem Koolhaas, S,M,L,XL Shannon, Kelly "The Great Leap Backwards. New Urbanism in America" Archis, March 1998 Seminar 5 US: DILUSION OF THE CITY CENTER / DISPERSAL FROM SCRATCH March 13 Empty lots, Phoenix, Detroit [STUDENT SITE STUDIES] Seminar 9 SPRING BREAK NO CLASS March 20 2. EXPERIMENTS AND STRATEGIES Seminar 10 INTEGRATION CITY/NATURE AND LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY March 27 Adriaan Geuze, "Borneo Sporengburg" Netherlands Holland "Biotope City" http://www.bwk.tue.nl/biotope-city/theme.html Max.1, Crimson Richard T.T. Foreman, 'Suburban Ecology' Land Mosaics, Foreman. Kenneth Frampton "Habitat Revised" Quaderns Issue # 228 "Urban Landscapes" 2001 Seminar 11 OLD IDEAS April 3 Riverside, IL, Olmsted Radburn, High-density low-rise, Woodlands, TX Ian McHarg [STUDENT CASE STUDIES] Seminar 12 SUSTAINIBILITY CREATES VALUE April 10 Michael Gresty, MARCH/MBA, Consultant, NYS Council on Sustainability Battle, Guy; McCarthy, Christopher, "Sustainable Ecosystems" 2001 Seminar 13 NEW IDEAS April 17 Stapleton, Denver, CO, Maryland Smart Growth Network, Prospect, Colorado, West 8 Housing, Max.1 Camp Pendleton: Landscape Planning for Biodiversity, Steintiz et al [STUDENT CASE STUDIES] Seminar 14 CONCLUSIONS AND FINAL JURY April 24 [STUDENT EXPERIMENTS] CORE READINGS Beauregard, R.A., & Haila, A. (1997). The Unavoidable Incompleteness of the City. American Behavioral Scientist, 41(3), 327-341 Boeri, S. and Multiplicity (2000). USE Uncertain States of Europe. In R. Koolhaas, S. Boeri, S. Kwinter, N. Tazi & H.U.Obrist, Mutations (pp.309-335). Bordeaux: Actar, Arc en Rêve Centre d'Architecture. Boeri, S. "Eclectic Atlases" Duany et al. Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream, 2000 Koolhaas, R. (2000). Pearl River Delta (Harvard Project on the City). In R. Koolhaas, S. Boeri, S. Kwinter, N. Tazi & H.U.Obrist, Mutations (pp.309-335). Bordeaux: Actar, Arc en Rêve Centre d'Architecture. Reisner, Marc "Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water" Smithson, R. (1966). Entropy and the New Monuments. In J. Flam (Editor), Robert Smithson: The Collected Writings (pp.10-23). London, England: University of California Press,Ltd Smithson, R. (1967). A Tour of the Monuments of Passaic, New Jersey. In J. Flam (Editor), Robert Smithson: The Collected Writings (pp.68-74). London, England: University of California Press, Ltd Shannon, Kelly "The Great Leap Backwards. New Urbanism in America" Archis, March 1998 Shannon, Kelly "Redesigning the Belgian Dream" Archis, August 1998 Frampton, Kenneth "Habitat Revisited: From Land Form to Corporeal Space" October 3, 2002 lecture for Architectural League of New York Bibliography Beauregard, R.A., & Haila, A. (1997). The Unavoidable Incompleteness of the City. American Behavioral Scientist, 41(3), 327-341 Boeri, S. and Multiplicity (2000). USE Uncertain States of Europe. In R. Koolhaas, S. Boeri, S. Kwinter, N. Tazi & H.U.Obrist, Mutations (pp.309-335). Bordeaux: Actar, Arc en Rêve Centre d'Architecture. Boeri, S. "Eclectic Atlases" Koolhaas, R. (2000). Pearl River Delta (Harvard Project on the City). In R. Koolhaas, S. Boeri, S. Kwinter, N. Tazi & H.U.Obrist, Mutations (pp.309-335). Bordeaux: Actar, Arc en Rêve Centre d'Architecture. Smithson, R. (1966). Entropy and the New Monuments. In J. Flam (Editor), Robert Smithson: The Collected Writings (pp.10-23). London, England: University of California Press,Ltd Smithson, R. (1967). A Tour of the Monuments of Passaic, New Jersey. In J. Flam (Editor), Robert Smithson: The Collected Writings (pp.68-74). London, England: University of California Press, Ltd Shannon, Kelly "The Great Leap Backwards. New Urbanism in America" Archis, March 1998 Shannon, Kelly "Redesigning the Belgian Dream" Archis, August 1998 Frampton, Kenneth "Habitat Revisited: From Land Form to Corporeal Space" October 3, 2002 lecture for Architectural League of New York Battle, Guy; McCarthy, Christopher, "Sustainable Ecosystems" 2001 Quaderns Issue # 228 "Urban Landscapes" 2001 Europan 6 Competition Results "In Between Cities" 2001 Schwartz, Martha, "Quick Cheap and Green" November 7, 2002 Reisner, Marc "Cadillac Desert: The American West and Its Disappearing Water" De Geyter, Xaveer et al. "After-Sprawl: Research for the Contemporary City" Frug, Gerald E. "City Making: Building Communities Without Building Walls" Duany, Andres, et al "Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream" Foreman, R.T.T.. "Land Mosaics" Steinitz et al."Biodiversity and Landscape Planning" Website: conference in Holland "Biotope City" http://www.bwk.tue.nl/biotope-city/theme.html Website: www.builtgreen.org / housingzone.com Website: http://www.sustainable.doe.gov/greendev/codes.shtml |
 
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